Further resources

References and software

A curated portal to books, monographs, long reviews, and software libraries that support Optimal Transport for Machine Learners and its computational figures.

Books and monographs

These are the main long-form references for the mathematical and computational background used throughout the book.

Books

Classical optimal transport, flows, economics, and computation

  • Topics in Optimal TransportationCédric Villani, AMS Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 2003.

    A concise reference for the core Monge-Kantorovich theory, duality, cyclical monotonicity, and regularity themes.

  • Optimal Transport: Old and NewCédric Villani, Springer, 2009.

    The broad modern reference for Wasserstein geometry, displacement convexity, curvature, and analytical applications.

  • Optimal Transport for Applied MathematiciansFilippo Santambrogio, Birkhäuser, 2015.

    A very readable route from measure theory and convex analysis to PDE, modeling, and numerical viewpoints.

  • Gradient Flows in Metric Spaces and in the Space of Probability MeasuresLuigi Ambrosio, Nicola Gigli, Giuseppe Savaré, Birkhäuser, 2005/2008.

    The standard reference for metric gradient flows, Wasserstein gradient-flow theory, and the JKO viewpoint.

  • Computational Optimal TransportGabriel Peyré and Marco Cuturi, Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, 2019.

    The closest companion to the computational side of OT4ML, especially discrete solvers, Sinkhorn methods, and applications.

  • Optimal Transport Methods in EconomicsAlfred Galichon, Princeton University Press, 2016.

    Explains the economic and matching-theoretic language behind assignment, duality, surplus, and equilibrium interpretations.

  • Statistical Optimal TransportSinho Chewi, Jonathan Niles-Weed, Philippe Rigollet, 2024.

    A modern monograph-style treatment of statistical rates, empirical measures, and inference in Wasserstein geometry.

  • A User's Guide to Optimal TransportLuigi Ambrosio and Nicola Gigli, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 2013.

    A compact introduction to existence, stability, duality, and the geometric objects used later in Wasserstein spaces.

Surveys and long reviews

These references are useful entry points when a chapter of OT4ML points toward a larger literature.

Surveys

Algorithms, computation, and modern long reviews

Software

The book figures are reproducible from notebooks, with many computations relying on the Python optimal-transport ecosystem.

Optimal transport

Python OT libraries

  • Python Optimal Transport (POT)Rémi Flamary, Nicolas Courty, Alexandre Gramfort, et al., JMLR, 2021.

    Reference Python library for discrete OT, Sinkhorn, GW, barycenters, and many numerical routines used by OT4ML figures.

  • POT: Python Optimal TransportCanonical software paper, Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2021.

    Use this citation when acknowledging POT in papers or teaching material.

  • OTT-JAXGoogle Research OT toolkit in JAX.

    Scalable differentiable OT, Sinkhorn, low-rank solvers, and geometry abstractions for large ML pipelines.

  • GeomLossFeydy, Séjourné, Vialard, Amari, Trouvé, Peyré.

    GPU-friendly Sinkhorn divergences and kernel losses built on KeOps-style reductions.

Numerics

Scientific Python stack

  • NumPyArray programming foundation for scientific Python.

    Used throughout the notebooks for vectorized linear algebra, grids, and simulations.

  • SciPyScientific computing algorithms for Python.

    Provides optimization, linear algebra, interpolation, sparse matrices, and numerical utilities.

  • MatplotlibPython plotting library.

    Used to generate the polished PDF panels and notebook thumbnails.

  • JupyterExecutable notebook environment.

    The figure-generation workflow is notebook-first so every panel can be inspected and rerun.

OT4ML project

Reproducible material

  • OT4ML GitHub repositorySource for the book, compact version, notebooks, website, and figures.

    Main entry point for reproducing the manuscript and all computational material.

  • Searchable figure notebook databaseStatic gallery of book figures and notebooks.

    Browse figures by section, inspect thumbnails, open notebooks, and launch Colab.

  • Interactive MyST bookStatic HTML build of the interactive book.

    Web reading version with interactive panels next to the mathematical narrative.

  • Google Colab notebook exampleCloud execution for OT4ML notebooks.

    Convenient way to run the teaching notebooks without local installation; the figure gallery links each figure notebook to Colab individually.